I keep writing and writing ,its boring one way trip,WHERE ARE YOUR COMMENTS
Come on folks,motivate me to help you.
Tell me about your difficulties and any help u need ,lets make it both ways.
Saturday, April 25, 2009
Anatomy ----what and where to study from.
Histology anat lecture 1 and usmle notes,this is more than enough entire histology is covered in 4 hrs flat .Avoid kaplan histology too vast not needed.
Head neck gross anatomy from achland video,head neck clinical anatomy usml lecture notes
Shoulder gross anatomy achland video,shoulder clinical anatomy anat video 3 ,first part,second part is lower limb not needed.
Trunk gross anatomy achland video.
Cinical anatomy contents of the mediastinum,neck ant &post triangle usml lecture notes.
Embry usml video lecture 2 and usml lecture notes.
Make flow charts for all the major arteries of head neck,trunk and upper limb in one paperAll cranial nerves esp trigeminal,facial,vagus,read about neucleus .origin supply in detail.
CNS Brs anatomy book
CNS topics
circle of willis
CSF
Meninges
Cavernus sinus to sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein
Optic nerve from crossing over to supply
Sympathetic and parasympathetic only chapter to be studied from usml cns lecture notes
Avoid CNS from usml notes and videos too much not needed.
Head neck gross anatomy from achland video,head neck clinical anatomy usml lecture notes
Shoulder gross anatomy achland video,shoulder clinical anatomy anat video 3 ,first part,second part is lower limb not needed.
Trunk gross anatomy achland video.
Cinical anatomy contents of the mediastinum,neck ant &post triangle usml lecture notes.
Embry usml video lecture 2 and usml lecture notes.
Make flow charts for all the major arteries of head neck,trunk and upper limb in one paperAll cranial nerves esp trigeminal,facial,vagus,read about neucleus .origin supply in detail.
CNS Brs anatomy book
CNS topics
circle of willis
CSF
Meninges
Cavernus sinus to sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein
Optic nerve from crossing over to supply
Sympathetic and parasympathetic only chapter to be studied from usml cns lecture notes
Avoid CNS from usml notes and videos too much not needed.
Sunday, April 19, 2009
THE LAST 10 DAYS.......DONT FREAK OUT
The last weeks,are the most important days,AS actually all your major studying happens only now,this is the time to push yourself as much as you can,you'v been warming upall these days,time for the kill now.Hope you have made your notes,keep the little book open,REVISE,revise revise as much you can,at least 5 hours a day ,2 hours on q banks,if u have really studied your basics you will finish decks each subject 2 hrs flat.Keep 2 hours to study something new,some thinng you have always pushed behind,now is the time.Your minds needs to stay focussed ,excited .DONT FREAK OUT even if u forget something,its okay you have enough time to do it all.The last 10 days makes us the winner or loser.Just forget the exam keep going, stick to your schedule,dont let the nerves get you.YOU know it all ,you have really studied ,its all going to come back to you.BELIEVE IN YOURSELF.The exam is a mental test ,its all about how much you can remember.
Thursday, April 2, 2009
Path Review Vascular Pathology
Studying pathology as i mentioned earlier is easy,its all about picking up the key points,one of my friends stated which are the points to be left out from Usml as it is vast,so heres doing a review on Vascular pathology the diseases and key points to remember,if you think there are few points to be added ,please do so in your comments.I would very much appreciate your feed back,lets make it both ways .
Vascular pathology
1.Polyarteritis nodosa affects any organ kidney ,git tract mucle except LUNGS this is akey point,hep b antigen is positive in most cases.
2.Wegeners granulomatosis is Bilateral pneumonitis and Renal cresenteric glomerulonephritis
3.Temporal arteritis -Giant cell arteritis-headache is a common clinical feature,visual dusturbances- lead to blindness.Elevated ESR.
4.Takayasu areteritis,affects major arteries-Arch of aorta-fibrosis.
5.Buergers disease young males-pain,thrombophlebitis,Raynauds phenomenona ,ulceration and gangrene
5.Think kawasaki think lymp nodes it affects oral mucosa ,erythema-submandibular lymph nodes, coranary artery is commonly involved
There is always a confusion between raynauds disease and raynauds phenomenon,the disease is seen young emotional women living in cold climates ,no underlying pathology ,cyanosis of
fingers and toes is the clinical feature.
Raynauds phenomenon has a underlying pathology like scleroderma,buergers .
6.Arteriosclerosis,occurs in diabetes and hypertension
7.Areteriosclerosis - hyaline or hyperplastic smooth muscle arteriosclerosis
Artherosclerosis-lipid deposition ,go through all the causes both major and minor
8.Hypertension essential and secondary leads to Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, Congestive heart failure, Accelerated atherosclerosis, Myocardial infarction.
Aneurysm formation, rupture, and dissection, Intracerebral hemorrhage,
Chronic renal failure.IKidneys in hyprtension - pettechial heamorrhages causing flea bitten appearance.
9.Anerysms-Dilation of the vessel wall these are complications of thrombosis.
Rememeber aortic disecting anerysm which occurs in marfans syndrome,syphilitic anerysm--involves ascending aorta.Berrys anerysm -circle of willis,subarahnoid heammorhage,with a complaint of severe headache.
Finally finish the chapter with 10.Venous diseases-Deep vein thrombosis is very important detected by doppler-cause of pulmonary embolism.
Varicose veins causing edema, thrombosis,ulceration=eosophageal varices
Finishing off with 11.vascular neoplams,heamangiomas,kapsis sarcomas-spindle cell epithelial cell proliferation very imporatnt asssociated with organ tranplants,african forms lymph node spread
Angiosarcomas -liver angiosarcoma associated with vinyl chloride and arsenic poisoning.
Vascular pathology
1.Polyarteritis nodosa affects any organ kidney ,git tract mucle except LUNGS this is akey point,hep b antigen is positive in most cases.
2.Wegeners granulomatosis is Bilateral pneumonitis and Renal cresenteric glomerulonephritis
3.Temporal arteritis -Giant cell arteritis-headache is a common clinical feature,visual dusturbances- lead to blindness.Elevated ESR.
4.Takayasu areteritis,affects major arteries-Arch of aorta-fibrosis.
5.Buergers disease young males-pain,thrombophlebitis,Raynauds phenomenona ,ulceration and gangrene
5.Think kawasaki think lymp nodes it affects oral mucosa ,erythema-submandibular lymph nodes, coranary artery is commonly involved
There is always a confusion between raynauds disease and raynauds phenomenon,the disease is seen young emotional women living in cold climates ,no underlying pathology ,cyanosis of
fingers and toes is the clinical feature.
Raynauds phenomenon has a underlying pathology like scleroderma,buergers .
6.Arteriosclerosis,occurs in diabetes and hypertension
7.Areteriosclerosis - hyaline or hyperplastic smooth muscle arteriosclerosis
Artherosclerosis-lipid deposition ,go through all the causes both major and minor
8.Hypertension essential and secondary leads to Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, Congestive heart failure, Accelerated atherosclerosis, Myocardial infarction.
Aneurysm formation, rupture, and dissection, Intracerebral hemorrhage,
Chronic renal failure.IKidneys in hyprtension - pettechial heamorrhages causing flea bitten appearance.
9.Anerysms-Dilation of the vessel wall these are complications of thrombosis.
Rememeber aortic disecting anerysm which occurs in marfans syndrome,syphilitic anerysm--involves ascending aorta.Berrys anerysm -circle of willis,subarahnoid heammorhage,with a complaint of severe headache.
Finally finish the chapter with 10.Venous diseases-Deep vein thrombosis is very important detected by doppler-cause of pulmonary embolism.
Varicose veins causing edema, thrombosis,ulceration=eosophageal varices
Finishing off with 11.vascular neoplams,heamangiomas,kapsis sarcomas-spindle cell epithelial cell proliferation very imporatnt asssociated with organ tranplants,african forms lymph node spread
Angiosarcomas -liver angiosarcoma associated with vinyl chloride and arsenic poisoning.
Friday, March 27, 2009
Pathology Review Usml notes and Videos
Pathology review- Its usml notes and video lectures
I swear by them,they are vast.But Dr.john Barrone and you ,are now the CSI team,he tells you in the introduction what real pathologist look like ,well thats his humour ,his throat gives up during the lecture but he goes on non stop, 4 hr lectures in one shot ,30 hrs in 2 days,he pulls your hand and drags you along with him,keep your scribbling pads ready,and just go along with him .
Ready steady here we go
Chapter 1
Is basic ,Fundamentals of pathology -staining ,well nothing much here ,eosin,haemotoxylin,and the rest, congo red is used for staining? u guessed it amyloid.
Chapter 2 Cellular Injuries
Hypoxia, infections, immunological reasctions, nutrition imbalance, myocardial ischemia, all the cellular responses to injuries, reversible and irreversible reactions, necrosis,apoptosis, pigmentaion, calcification, every word of this chapter is very important.
Dr.John takes an hour to complete but you can definitely breeze through it.
Dont forget to make your notes, cos u may have to revise the whole pathology in 2 hours before the exam.As I said earlier, it helps if you start from the first chapter. i know ur hands give up but still its worth it, every word scribbled is worth its weight in gold
chapter 3 of the lecture notes is part of the 1st video . It deals with inflammation. well, this is in a way the most important chapter of pathology so make sure u go through it thoroughly ,understand every word both in the video and in the notes.From exudative inflammation to necrotic inflammation to the summary at the end of the chapter, make sure u do it all
chapter 4 wound healing and repair - again part of the 1st video lecture
primary and secondary would healing, connective tissue components healing, basement membrane healing
chapter 5 deals wuth circulatory pathology. make sure you have ur physiology book with you to go through all the bleeding and clotting factors. Review the clotting cascade , platelet defects, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is very important, hemophilia A, B, DIC as well as thrombosis and embolism
Now its time for a breather. All 5 chapters are imporant. You have completed 4 hours of lecture 1. Pour yourself a hot cup of caffeine and take the time to review ur notes, Dr.John Barrone is also tired.
Pathology is the most simplest of all subjects. It looks very complex, but its not. All you need is Stamina. Think of it like playing a 5 day test cricket or running a marathon. You need stamina and concentration to stay in the game. You can listen to the videos and take down notes non-stop for 4 hours cos its not mind-boggling as biochem or physiology. No need to pause or replay.You can easily get all questons correct. I mean it. It is possible. Exam questions are straightforward.
Just make sure u go through all names diseases and syndromes.
Sometimes Dr. John's lectures could be thorough and in depth like the subject of electron microscopy. But thats ok cos he does try to make it interesting. Simple pathology will be so boring otherwise. Take a chance , and dive into the microscope with him and you will forget about your aching thumbs.
I swear by them,they are vast.But Dr.john Barrone and you ,are now the CSI team,he tells you in the introduction what real pathologist look like ,well thats his humour ,his throat gives up during the lecture but he goes on non stop, 4 hr lectures in one shot ,30 hrs in 2 days,he pulls your hand and drags you along with him,keep your scribbling pads ready,and just go along with him .
Ready steady here we go
Chapter 1
Is basic ,Fundamentals of pathology -staining ,well nothing much here ,eosin,haemotoxylin,and the rest, congo red is used for staining? u guessed it amyloid.
Chapter 2 Cellular Injuries
Hypoxia, infections, immunological reasctions, nutrition imbalance, myocardial ischemia, all the cellular responses to injuries, reversible and irreversible reactions, necrosis,apoptosis, pigmentaion, calcification, every word of this chapter is very important.
Dr.John takes an hour to complete but you can definitely breeze through it.
Dont forget to make your notes, cos u may have to revise the whole pathology in 2 hours before the exam.As I said earlier, it helps if you start from the first chapter. i know ur hands give up but still its worth it, every word scribbled is worth its weight in gold
chapter 3 of the lecture notes is part of the 1st video . It deals with inflammation. well, this is in a way the most important chapter of pathology so make sure u go through it thoroughly ,understand every word both in the video and in the notes.From exudative inflammation to necrotic inflammation to the summary at the end of the chapter, make sure u do it all
chapter 4 wound healing and repair - again part of the 1st video lecture
primary and secondary would healing, connective tissue components healing, basement membrane healing
chapter 5 deals wuth circulatory pathology. make sure you have ur physiology book with you to go through all the bleeding and clotting factors. Review the clotting cascade , platelet defects, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is very important, hemophilia A, B, DIC as well as thrombosis and embolism
Now its time for a breather. All 5 chapters are imporant. You have completed 4 hours of lecture 1. Pour yourself a hot cup of caffeine and take the time to review ur notes, Dr.John Barrone is also tired.
Pathology is the most simplest of all subjects. It looks very complex, but its not. All you need is Stamina. Think of it like playing a 5 day test cricket or running a marathon. You need stamina and concentration to stay in the game. You can listen to the videos and take down notes non-stop for 4 hours cos its not mind-boggling as biochem or physiology. No need to pause or replay.You can easily get all questons correct. I mean it. It is possible. Exam questions are straightforward.
Just make sure u go through all names diseases and syndromes.
Sometimes Dr. John's lectures could be thorough and in depth like the subject of electron microscopy. But thats ok cos he does try to make it interesting. Simple pathology will be so boring otherwise. Take a chance , and dive into the microscope with him and you will forget about your aching thumbs.
Thursday, March 26, 2009
Physiology review-- Respiratory system--Video & Lecture notes
Respiratory system
Lung volumes, one which cannot be measured,yup you are right its..residual volume and its the most commonest question.
Respiratory system is actually very interesting and easy to remember ,nothing much to memorize,its like domino falling in motion,one after the other.
Increase in rate of breathing ,increases in total ventilation and no increase in alveolar ventilation ...the concept is worth reading
Lung Recoil and intrapleural pressure,Dont get confused with intrapleural pressure ,intra alveolar pressure,dont be in a rush to finish this chapter ,give yourself 3-4 hrs to finish it
Exam questions are based more on clinical repiratory medicine,these days,so do pnemothorax,lung compliance,respiratory distress syndrome in detail,its actually interesting,remember to keep ur scribbling pad in motion,this is a very interesting chapter,try not to rush...........
Obstructive and restrictive pattern ,FEV1/FVC when does it decrease and increase.
Then comes alveloar ventilation,Alvoelar Blood gas transfer-Ficks law of diffusion,O2 curve shifting to left and right,transport of co2 and o2,chloride shift.Central chemoreceptors and Co2,and finally hypoxia ,high altitude.
The last chapter in this section hypoxemia is so very important,if it gets a little confusing about hypoventilation and pulmonary shunt,play and replay the video,go through the notes,scribble on your pad,till you get it right
Finally do the questions at the end of the section,IT REALLY IS WORTH IT,THEY COME IN THE EXAM,might be modified a bit but they come,if you get the answers right nothing like it.Its time for the much needed cup of caffiene
Its worth the 4 hours you invested,keep an hour later in the night to revise.
Respiratory system is my favorite,why??its interesting,its our basic essense of life "Our breath" ,think that way and you will do it,dont even think of mentioning the word bor....
Lung volumes, one which cannot be measured,yup you are right its..residual volume and its the most commonest question.
Respiratory system is actually very interesting and easy to remember ,nothing much to memorize,its like domino falling in motion,one after the other.
Increase in rate of breathing ,increases in total ventilation and no increase in alveolar ventilation ...the concept is worth reading
Lung Recoil and intrapleural pressure,Dont get confused with intrapleural pressure ,intra alveolar pressure,dont be in a rush to finish this chapter ,give yourself 3-4 hrs to finish it
Exam questions are based more on clinical repiratory medicine,these days,so do pnemothorax,lung compliance,respiratory distress syndrome in detail,its actually interesting,remember to keep ur scribbling pad in motion,this is a very interesting chapter,try not to rush...........
Obstructive and restrictive pattern ,FEV1/FVC when does it decrease and increase.
Then comes alveloar ventilation,Alvoelar Blood gas transfer-Ficks law of diffusion,O2 curve shifting to left and right,transport of co2 and o2,chloride shift.Central chemoreceptors and Co2,and finally hypoxia ,high altitude.
The last chapter in this section hypoxemia is so very important,if it gets a little confusing about hypoventilation and pulmonary shunt,play and replay the video,go through the notes,scribble on your pad,till you get it right
Finally do the questions at the end of the section,IT REALLY IS WORTH IT,THEY COME IN THE EXAM,might be modified a bit but they come,if you get the answers right nothing like it.Its time for the much needed cup of caffiene
Its worth the 4 hours you invested,keep an hour later in the night to revise.
Respiratory system is my favorite,why??its interesting,its our basic essense of life "Our breath" ,think that way and you will do it,dont even think of mentioning the word bor....
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Physiology- Review --CardioVascular system--- Video & Lecture notes
Mean electrical axis of the heart ,anyone ??it is the most commonest question these days,it has been repeated in many of my friends' papers.it is in the lecture notes,though not discussed in the video.
Voltage gated calcium channels, otherwise called slow channels,are the most basic and fundamental , yet very very important concept of a cardiac muscle contraction.
Electrical versus mechanical events,SA node -remeber it has the higest intrinsic rate
ECG,heart blocks and ventricular depolarization are often asked
preload,afterload ,effect on sym and parasympathetics on heart rate is all basic physiology,spend few minutes on valvular defects and pressure volume loops
I find that its much simpler to read the lecture notes first and then play the video esp for this chapter and also the chapter on excretory system.The video lecture can become monotonous due to repetitions and therefore you can choose to skim over certain parts.
However, Cardiac cycle is best explained in the video lecture, make full use of your remote control buttonns topause,play pause replay till you get it the first time.I guarantee this will stay in your greycells forevr
Make full use of your scribbling pad ,make sure you have your own notes perfect,so you can sign off the most important chapter of physiology in style
Voltage gated calcium channels, otherwise called slow channels,are the most basic and fundamental , yet very very important concept of a cardiac muscle contraction.
Electrical versus mechanical events,SA node -remeber it has the higest intrinsic rate
ECG,heart blocks and ventricular depolarization are often asked
preload,afterload ,effect on sym and parasympathetics on heart rate is all basic physiology,spend few minutes on valvular defects and pressure volume loops
I find that its much simpler to read the lecture notes first and then play the video esp for this chapter and also the chapter on excretory system.The video lecture can become monotonous due to repetitions and therefore you can choose to skim over certain parts.
However, Cardiac cycle is best explained in the video lecture, make full use of your remote control buttonns topause,play pause replay till you get it the first time.I guarantee this will stay in your greycells forevr
Make full use of your scribbling pad ,make sure you have your own notes perfect,so you can sign off the most important chapter of physiology in style
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